The backdrop of any event is as important as the event itself.
So, to set the context, allow me to first give a brief and relevant background of the Armenian Genocide and the Khilafat Movement before coming back to your question.
[For those who don't have much time, please straightaway jump to '#3' for my opinions on the original question, or read the 'summary' at the very end]
#1. The Armenian Genocide
1. Why it happened?
During the Battle of Sarikamish in the year 1915 between the Ottoman empire and the Russian empire, the Armenians (living in the Ottoman empire) openly sided with the Russians. This lead to an Ottoman defeat.
After this, the Ottomans systematically exterminated around a million of its Armenian subjects.
2. What reason was given by the Ottomans for these killings?
They said that these Armenians are causing a very serious pro-Russian insurrection within the empire. So it is very necessary to crush these anti-nationalist elements in the bigger interest of the empire.
3. Was it considered a genocide?
No, at least not at that time. Infact the word genocide itself was coined in the year 1943 by a Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin. At that time, it was seen either as 'suppression of anti-nationalist sentiments' or a 'state-sponsored mass killing', the two sides of the same coin, and both were commonly used by the empires to justify their stand throughout history.
As of 2016, only 29 countries officially recognize it as a genocide, and India is still not one of them. Turkey and Azerbaijan outright deny that such a level of mass killing of Armenians ever took place in the Ottoman empire.
#2. The Khilafat Movement
1. Why Turkey was important to Indian Muslims?
e Muslims all over the world, and that include the Indian Muslims too, regarded the Caliph of Turkey as their supreme spiritual head. Any disrespect to the Caliph was sure to enrage Muslims as there were deep-seated religious sentiments attached with that position.