Long Question Unit 11

Q.10 What are the contributions of Muslim scientists about kidney diseases? Answer: Contributions of Abu Nasr al-Farabi Abu Nasr al-Farabi (872-951) was a prominent scientist who wrote many books that contained information about kidney diseases. Contributions of Al-Zahrawi in removing stones The genius Abu al Qasim Al-Zahrawi (known as Albucasis 936-1013) is considered to be …

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Q.9 What do you know about Kidney disorders? Answer: There are many different kidney disorders: (i) Kidney stones When urine becomes concentrated, crystals of many salts e.g. calcium oxalate, calcium and ammonium phosphate, uric acid etc are formed in it. Such large crystals cannot pass in urine and form hard deposits called kidney stones. Most …

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Q.8 Describe osmoregulatory function of kidney. Answer: Osmoregulation Osmoregulation is defined as the regulation of the concentration of water and salts in blood and other body fluids. Kidneys play an important role in osmoregulation by regulating the water contents of blood. It is an important process as excessive loss of water concentrates the body fluids …

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Q.7 Write the normal composition of urine. Answer: The normal composition of urine is shown in the following table: Table 11.1 Normal Chemical composition of urine  (source: NASA Contractor Report) Water 95% Urea 9.3 g/l Chloride ions 1.87 g/l Sodium ions 1.17 g/l Potassium ions 0.750 g/l Other ions and compounds Variable amounts

Q.6 Write a note on functioning of kidney. Functioning of kidney: Answer: The main function of kidney is urine formation which takes place in three steps: i. Pressure filtration ii. Selective re-absorption iii. Tubular secretion i. Pressure filtration The first step is pressure filtration. When blood enters the kidney via the renal artery, it goes …

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Q.5 Describe urinary system of humans. Also describe the structure of nephron? Answer: Urinary system of Humans The excretory system of humans is also called the urinary system. It is formed of one pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra. Kidneys Kidneys filter blood to produce urine. Ureters The …

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Q.4 What are the organs of humans which work for homeostasis? Describe skin and lungs in detail. Answer: Humans have highly developed systems for homeostasis. The following are the main organs which work for homeostasis: 1. Lungs They remove excess carbon dioxide and keep it in balance. 2. Skin Skin performs role in maintenance of body …

Q.4 What are the organs of humans which work for homeostasis? Describe skin and lungs in detail. Read More »

Q.3 Describe osmotic adjustments in plants. OR On the basis of the available amount of water and salts, plants can be divided in how many groups? Explain. Answer: On the basis of the available amount of water and salts, plants are divided into three groups. 1. Hydrophytes 2. Xerophytes 3. Halophytes 1. Hydrophytes Definition Hydrophytes …

Q.3 Describe osmotic adjustments in plants. OR On the basis of the available amount of water and salts, plants can be divided in how many groups? Explain. Read More »

Q.2 Describe homeostasis in plants. What different mechanisms are adopted for homeostasis in plants? OR How plants remove metabolic wastes? Answer: Homeostasis in plants Plants respond to environmental changes and keep their internal conditions constant i.e. homeostasis. They apply different mechanisms for the homeostasis of water and other chemicals (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogenous materials etc). …

Q.2 Describe homeostasis in plants. What different mechanisms are adopted for homeostasis in plants? Read More »

Answer: Homeostasis may be defined as the maintenance of the internal conditions of body at equilibrium, despite changes in the external environment. Examples: 1. The core temperature of human body remains at about 37°C despite fluctuations in the surrounding temperature. 2. The blood glucose level remains about lg per liter despite eating a meal rich …

Q.1 Define homeostasis. Why body of an organism needs this? Which processes help in its occurrence? Read More »