Unit 17 Long Question

Q.12 What is single cell protein? Give its role in the service of humanity. Answer Definition Single-cell protein (SCP) refers to the protein content extracted from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi or bacteria. OR It is known as single cell protein because the micro-organisms used as producers are unicellular or filamentous individuals. …

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Q.11 What are different achievements of genetic engineering? Answer: Various achievements of genetic engineering are as follows: 1) Formation of human insulin Human insulin gene was transferred into bacteria. The genetically modified bacteria became able to synthesize insulin. Diabetics are now receiving this insulin. 2) Formation of human growth hormone In 1977, an E.coli bacterium …

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Q.10 Write down basic steps in genetic engineering. Answer: All the objectives of genetic engineering can be obtained by some basic methodologies such as: 1) Isolation of gene of interest In the 18 step, the genetic engineer identifies the gene of interest in a donor organism. Special enzymes called restriction endonucleases, are used to cut …

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Q.9 What is genetic engineering and write down it objectives. Answer: Definition Genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology involves the artificial synthesis, modification, removal, addition and repair of the genetic material (DNA). Development of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering developed in the mid – 1970s when it became possible to cut DNA and to transfer particular …

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Q.8 Write two advantages of using fermenters. Answer: Advantages of using fermenters (1) Controlled Environment For each biotechnological process, the environment provided to the organisms must be monitored and controlled. Such a controlled environment is provided by fermenters. A fermenter optimizes the growth of the organisms by controlling many factors, like nutrients, oxygen, growth inhibitors, …

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Q.7 What is fermenter and write down its types. Answer: Fermenter Fermenter is a device that provides optimum environment to micro-organisms to grow into a biomass, so that they can interact with a substrate, forming the product. Types Fermentation is carried out in fermenters, in the following two ways: 1) Batch Fermentation In this process, …

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Q.6 What are applications of fermentation in biotechnology? Answer: In beginning, the meaning of fermentation process was the use of microorganisms for the production of foods (cheese, yogurt, fermented pickles and sausages, soy sauce), beverages (beers, wines) and spirits. However, in biotechnology the term “fermentation” means the production of any product by the mass culture of …

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Q.5 What is Fermentation and write down its types. Answer: Cellular respiration In cellular respiration glucose molecule goes through oxidation reduction reactions to release energy in the form of ATP. Fermentation Fermentation is the process in which there is incomplete oxidation – reduction of glucose. Fermentation has been in the knowledge of man since centuries …

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Q.4 Write down scope and importance of biotechnology in three different fields. Answer: In recent years, biotechnology is growing as a separate science. It has attracted the attention of: many intellectuals from diverse fields like agriculture, medicine, microbiology and organic chemistry. The scope for biotechnology is so wide that it is difficult to recognize the …

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Q.3 What do you know about Dolly? Answer: In Scotland, in 1997, an embryologist Ian Wilmut produced a sheep (Dolly) from the body cell of an adult sheep.