Q.16 When and why children are vaccinated? Answer: Children are required to be vaccinated before attending school. The vaccination of children has resulted in marked decrease of common diseases i.e., whooping cough, polio, small pox and others. Some vaccines do not provide life time immunity. School Management Software
Q.15 Describe the mode of action of vaccines? Answer: Antigens Pathogens contain special proteins called antigens. Antibodies When pathogens enter the body (blood) of host, these proteins stimulate the immune response in host i.e. synthesis of antibodies. Antibodies bind to pathogens and destroy them. Memory cells These cells are produced which remain in blood and …
Q.14 What are vaccines? Who introduced world’s first vaccination? Answer: Definition A vaccine is a material containing weakened or killed pathogens and is used to produce immunity to a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies. World’s First vaccination . In 1796, a British physician, Edward Jenner, infected a young boy with cowpox, by injecting …
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Q.13 Describe the antibiotic resistance? Answer: Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics are most important in medicine but unfortunately bacteria are capable of developing resistance to them. Such bacteria are not affected by commonly used antibiotics, this condition is called antibiotic resistance. Ways of resistance Bacteria have number of ways of developing resistance. i. Stopage by internal mechanism …
Q.12 Describe the main groups of antibiotics? Answer: Three major groups of antibiotics are described below: 1. Cephalosporins Caphalosporins interfere with synthesis of bacterial cell wall and so are bactericidal. They are used to treat pneumonia, sore throat, tonsillitis, bronchitis etc. 2. Tetracyclines These are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Tetracyclines …
Q.11 What are antibiotics? How do they work? OR Discuss their uses. Answer: Antibiotics An antibiotic is a drug that kills or retards the growth of bacteria. They are the chemicals produced by or derived by microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). Bactericidal Antibiotics Antibiotics are used to treat many different bacterial infections. Some antibiotics are “bactericidal”, …
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Q.10 What is drug addiction? Discuss its associated problems? Answer: Drugs addiction Some drugs often make person dependent on them or addicted. By using such drugs, the person’s body become familiar to it and the user cannot function well without it. This is called drug addiction. Drug addiction and associated problems Drug abusers go through …
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Q.9 Write a note on addictive Drugs. Answer: Major categories of addictive drugs are: 1. Sedatives (a) Introduction These drugs interact with central nervous system to depress its activities. Sedative drugs have following effects (b) Effects: i. Induce dizziness ii. Lethargy iii. Slow brain function and depression iv. Long term use of sedative induce suicidal …
Q.8 Describe the things to remember while using the medicines. Answer: Following things should keep in mind before using medicines (i) We should always check the instructions on doctor’s prescription slip and take medicine accordingly. (ii) Before using, we should check the expiry date because expired medicines may prove poisonous. (iii) Never take medicines prescribed …
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Q.7 How drugs are classified? Describe the usage of important medicinal drugs? OR Write any three medicinal drugs. Explain in detail. Answer: Drugs are classified on the basis of their chemical properties and modes of action. 1. Analgesics , (Pain killers) Reduce pain e.g. aspirin, paracetamol etc. 2. Antibiotics Inhibit or kill bacteria and treat …