Unit 13 Support And Movement Short Questions
Q.1 Identify the two types of co-ordination in living organisms.
Q.2 What do you mean by movement?
Q.3 How many types of movement are?
Q.4 What do you mean by locomotion?
Q.5 What is sternum?
Q.6 What do you know about osteoarthritis?
Q.7 What is Rheumatoid arthritis? Or Write down causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis, also give its two symptons.
Q.8 What do you mean by “Exoskeleton”?
Q.9 What is skeleton? Define briefly.
Q.10 What do you mean by endoskeleton?
Q.11 What is the role of skeletal system?
Q.12 What do you know about bone and cartilage?
Q.13 Detine cartilage. Write names of its two types.
Q.14 What are the cells of cartilage called?
Q.15 Where the chondrocyte lies?
Q.16 How many types of cartilage are there?
Q.17 What are tendons and ligaments?
Q.18 What do you know about Hyaline cartilage?
Q.19 What is Elastic cartilage?
Q.20 What is fibrous cartilage?
Q.21 What is a Bone?
Q.22 What are compact bones and spongy bones?
Q.23 What matter does bone contain?
Q.24 With how many bones babies are born.
Q.25 What are mature bone cells called?
Q.26 Who was Andreas Vesalius? What do you know about him?
Q.27 Who was Andreas Vesalius? What do you know about him?
Q.28 How many bones are present in axial skeleton? Give detail.
Q.29 How many bones are there in appendicular skeleton?
Q.30 Describe upper and lower jaw in mammals and vertebrates?
Q.31 How mammals improve hearing?
Q.32 What is a joint?
Q.33 At which basis, joints can be classified?
Q.34 What do you know about immoveable or fixed joints?
Q.35 What do you know about slightly moveable joints?
Q.36 What do you know about moveable joints?
Q.37 What are the main types of moveable joints?
Q.38 Define Hinge joints and give one example.
Q.39 What are ball–and–socket joints?.
Q.40 What would have happened if neck joint were a ball-and-socket joint?
Q.41 What is the role of tendons and Ligaments tissues?
Q.42 Differentiate between origin and insertion of a skeletal muscle.
Q.43 What is the role of tendons and Ligaments tissues?
Q.44 What is meant by antagonism?
Q.45 What is meant by “Flexor” muscle and Flexion?
Q.46 What is meant by extensor muscle and extension?
Q.47 Which point of attachment is pulled when a muscle contracts?
Q.48 Describe briefly about osteoporosis?
Q.49 What is a function of estrogen?
Q.50 Describe Arthritis. Write the names of its types.
Q.51 Differentiate between cartilage and bone?
Q.52 What is the role of skeleton in support and movement?
Q.53 What are biceps and triceps?
Q.54 What is chondrocyte?
Q.55 What are cranial bones?
Q.56 What is Gout?
Q.57 Define Lacuna?
Q.58 Define Osteocytes.
Q.59 Write down two disorders along with one reason of each of human skeletal.
Q.59 Write down two disorders along with one reason of each of human skeletal.
Q.1 Write the two characteristics of animals?
Answer:
Movement and locomotion are the characteristics of animals.
Q.2 What do you mean by movement?
Answer:
Movement is a general term meaning, the act of changing place or position by entire body or by
its parts.
Q.3 How many types of movement are?
Answer:
There are two types of movement:
i. Movements of body parts
Q.4 What do you mean by locomotion?
Answer:
Locomotion is the movement of an animal as a whole from one place to another.
Q.5 What is sternum?
Answer:
Q.6 What do you know about osteoarthritis?
Answer:
It is due to degeneration in cartilage present at joints or due to decrease in lubricant production
at joints. In this arthritis, fusion of the bones at joint may occur and joints may become totally
immoveable.
Q.7 What is Rheumatoid arthritis? Or Write down causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis, also give its two symptons.
Answer:
It involves the inflammation of the membranes at joints. Its symptoms are fatigue, low grade
fever, pain and stiffness of joints.
Q.8 What do you mean by “Exoskeleton”?
Answer:
The skeleton system of some invertebrates e.g. arthropods are at the outside of the body, and
are called exoskeleton.
Q.9 What is skeleton? Define briefly.
Answer:
Skeleton system or skeleton is defined as the framework of hard, articulated structure that
provides physical support, attachment for skeletal muscles and protection for the bodies of
animals.
Q.10 What do you mean by endoskeleton?
Answer:
Like other vertebrates, the human skeleton is on the inside of body and is called
endoskeleton.
Q.11 What is the role of skeletal system?
Answer:
The big functions of skeletal system are protection, support and movement of a body.
Skeleton works very closely with the muscular system to help us in movement. Similarly skeleton also provides protection to many internal organs e.g. skull protects brain” and
vertebral column. It also provides the main support to our body mass.
Q.12 What do you know about bone and cartilage?
Ans. Bone and cartilage are types of connective tissues in animals. Most connective tissue contains
collagen fibers in a matrix. Cartilage is dense clear firm connective tissue while bone is hardest connective tissues.
Q.13 Detine cartilage. Write names of its two types.
Answer:
Definition:
Cartilage is a dense, clear blue–white firm connective tissue (but less strong than bone).
Names of two types:
1. Hyaline Cartilage
Q.14 What are the cells of cartilage called?
Answer:
The cells of cartilage are called chondrocytes.
Q.15 Where the chondrocyte lies?
Answer:
Each chondrocyte lies in a fluid space called lacuna, present in the matrix of cartilage.
Q.16 How many types of cartilage are there?
Answer:
There are three types of cartilage:
i. Hyaline cartilage.
ii. Elastic cartilage .
Q.17 What are tendons and ligaments?
Answer:
Tendons and ligaments are connective tissues that contain tightly packed collagen fibers.
Tendons are tough bands and attach muscles to bones. Ligaments are flexible bands and join
one bone to another at joints.
Q.18 What do you know about Hyaline cartilage?
Answer:
Hyaline cartilage is a strong yet flexible. It is found covering the ends of the long bones, in
the nose, larynx, trachea and bronchial tubes.
Q.19 What is Elastic cartilage?
Answer:
Elastic cartilage is similar in structure to hyaline cartilage. It is also quite strong but has
elasticity due to a network of elastic fibers in addition to collagen fibers. It is found in
Q.20 What is fibrous cartilage?
Answer:
Fibrous cartilage is very tough and less flexible due to large number of thick collagen fibers
present in knitted form. It is found in intervertebral dics.
Q.21 What is a Bone?
Answer:
Bone is a hardest connective tissue in body. Working Bones not only move, support and protect the various parts of body but also produce red and
white blood cells and store minerals.
Q.22 What are compact bones and spongy bones?
Answer:
The hard outer layer of a bone is called compact bone while the interior of bone is soft and porous called spongy bone.
Q.23 What matter does bone contain?
Answer:
Spongy bone contains blood vessels and bone marrow. Matrix of bones contain collagen, calcium and phosphate. Bone also contain different types of cells.
Q.24 With how many bones babies are born.
Ans. Babies are born with about 300 soft bones. Some of these bones later fuse together, so the adult skeleton has 206 hard bones.
Q.25 What are mature bone cells called?
Answer:
The mature bone cells are called osteocytes.
Q.26 Who was Andreas Vesalius? What do you know about him?
Answer:
Andreas Vesalius is honoured for developing modern anatomical studies. He was born in Brussels, Belgium. He made many discoveries in anatomy based on studies made by dissection of human dead bodies. His book contained the most accurate depictions of the whole skeleton and muscles of the human body.
Q.27 What are the components of human skeleton?
Answer:
The 206 bones in the adult human skeleton are organized into a longitudinal axis i.e. axial skeleton, to which appendicular skeleton is attached.
Q.28 How many bones are present in axial skeleton? Give detail.
Answer:
Axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones in the head and trunk of body. It is composed of five parts:
i. Skull contains 22 bones out of which 8 are cranial bones (enclosing the brain) and 14 are facíal bones.
ii. There are 6 middle ear ossicles (3 in each ear).
iii. There is also a hyoid bone in neck.
iv. Vertebral column contains 33 bones (vertebrae).
v. The chest is made of a chest bone called sternum and 24 (12 pairs) ribs.
Q.29 How many bones are there in appendicular skeleton?
i. Appendicular skeleton is composed of 126 bones.
ii. Pectoral (shoulder) girdle is made of 4 bones.
iii. Arms have six (06) bones.
iv. Both hands have 54 bones.
v. Pelvic girdle (hips) has 2 bones. T
vi. Legs have 06 bones.
Q.30 Describe upper and lower jaw in mammals and vertebrates?
Answer:
The upper jaw is fixed with skull and is composed of two bones. The lower jaw is mobile and articulates with the skull. In lower vertebrates, the lower jaw is made up of more than one bone while in mammals it is made of single bone.
Q.31 How mammals improve hearing?
Answer:
During evolution, mammals modified the lower jaw bones and incorporated four of them into the middle ear (in the form of malleus and incus in both ears). This adaptation proved beneficial for mammals. Lower jaw with single bone is stronger and the malleus and incus also improve hearing,
Q.32 What is a joint?
Answer:
A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They allow movement and provide mechanical support.
Q.33 At which basis, joints can be classified?
Answer:
Joints can be classified on the basis of degree of movement they allow.
Q.34 What do you know about immoveable or fixed joints?
Answer:
Such joints allow no movements e.g. the joint between the skull bones.
Q.35 What do you know about slightly moveable joints?
Answer:
Such joints allow slight movements e.g, joints between the vertebrae.
Q.36 What do you know about moveable joints?
Answer:
They allow a variety of movements e.g. shoulder joint, hip joint, elbow joint, knee joint etc.
Q.37 What are the main types of moveable joints?
Answer:
The main types of moveable joints are:
(i) Hinge joints
Q.38 Define Hinge joints and give one example.
Answer:
Hinge joints move back and forth like the hinge on a door and allow movements in one plane only.
Example
The knee and elbow are hinge joints.
Q.39 What are ball–and–socket joints?
Answer:
Ball and socket joints allow movement in all directions.
Example:
Q.40 What would have happened if neck joint were a ball-and-socket joint?
Answer:
Then we can move freely our neck in all directions.
Q.41 What is the role of tendons and Ligaments tissues?
Answer:
Role of Tendons
Tendons are tough bands and attach muscles to bones. When a muscle contracts, tendon exerts a pulling force on the attached bone, which moves as a result.
Role of Ligaments
Ligaments are strong but flexible bands and join one bone to another at joints. They prevent dislocation of bones at joints.
Q.42 Differentiate between origin and insertion of a skeletal muscle.
Answer:
Origin
One end of a skeletal muscle is always attached with some immoveable bone. This end of muscle is called as origin.
Insertion
The other end of muscle which is attached with a moveable bone is called as insertion.
Q.43 What do you know about “Antagonists”?
Answer:
Skeletal muscles are usually in pairs of antagonists. In an antagonistic pair, both muscles do opposite jobs.
Q.44 What is meant by antagonism?
Answer:
When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes and this phenomenon is known as antagonism.
Q.45 What is meant by “Flexor” muscle and Flexion?
Answer:
When a muscle contracts and bends a joint, it is known as flexor muscle and the movement is called as flexion. Biceps is an example of flexor muscle.
Q.46 What is meant by extensor muscle and extension?
Answer:
When a muscle contracts and straightens the joint, it is known as extensor muscle and the movement is called extension.
Example
Triceps is an example of the extensor muscle.
Q.47 Which point of attachment is pulled when a muscle contracts?
Answer:
When muscle contracts, it pulls the moveable bone (at insertion).‘
Q.48 Describe briefly about osteoporosis?
Answer:
Osteoporosis is a disorder of skeletal system. It is a bone disease in adults, especially in old people. It is more common in old women. In osteoporosis, there is a decrease in the density of bones due to loss of calcium and phosphorus.
Q.49 What is a function of estrogen?
Answer:
The function of estrogen is to deposit minerals in bones. When the reproductive cycle stops in females, not enough estrogen is secreted.
Q.50 Describe Arthritis. Write the names of its types.
Answer:
Arthritis means “inflammation in joints”. It is also very common in old age and in women.
Symptoms
Pain and stiffness in joints particularly in the weight bearing joints e.g. hip and ankle joints.
Treatment
Pain killer and anti–inflammatory medicines are supposed to decrease the symptoms.
Types
i. Osteo–arthritis
ii. Rheumatoid arthritis
Q.51 Differentiate between cartilage and bone?
Answer:
Cartilage is a dense clear, blue white, firm connective tissues. It is found covering important body parts. e.g., nose, epiglottis, trachea etc. Bones are the hard connective tissue providing
movement, support and protection to various body parts.
Q. 52 What is the role of skeleton in support and movement?
Answer:
Skeleton provides protection to internal organs e.g. skull protects brain and support to body mass and can move the body by muscles.
Q.53 What are biceps and triceps?
Answer:
Biceps is a flexor muscle on the front of the upper arm bone while Triceps is an extensor muscle on the back of arm.
Q.54 What is chondrocyte?
Answer:
The cells of cartilage are called chondrocyte.
Q.55 What are cranial bones?
Answer:
The bones which enclose the brain are called cranial bones. They are eight in number.
Q.56 What is Gout?
Ans: It is characterized by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in moveable joints. It generally attacks the toe joints.
Q.57 Define Lacuna?
Answer:
Cells of cartilage (chondrocytes) lies in a fluid space called lacuna.
Q.58 Define Osteocytes,
Answer:
The mature bone cells are called osteocytes.
Q.59 Write down two disorders along with one reason of each of human skeletal.
Answer:
The disorders of human skeletal system are:
1. Osteoporosis:
It is a bone disease. In it, there is a decrease in the density of bones due to loss of calcium and phosphorus.
2. Osteoarthritis:
It is dųe to degeneration in the cartilage present at joints or due to decreased lubricant production at joints.
