Unit 14 Reproduction Short Questions
Q.1 Define reproduction,Define reproduction.
Q.2 What are types of reproduction?
Q.3 Define binary fission.
Q.4 What is Fragmentation?
Q.5 Define Budding.
Q.6 Differentiate between spore and endospore.
Q.7 Define Parthenogenesis.
Q.8 What is Vegetative propagation?
Q.9 What is Cuttings?
Q.10 Define Grafting.
Q.11 What is Alternation of Generation in plants.
Q.12 Define Double fertilization.
Q.13 What is Pollination?
Q.14 What is seed coat?
Q.15 Define Hilum.
Q.16 Give the Difference between epicotyl and hypocotyl.
Q.17 Differentiate between epigeal and hypogeal germination.
Q.18 Define Germination.
Q.19 What is Fertilization?
Q.20 Define Semen.
Q.21 Define acrosome.
Q.22 What do you know about cervix?
Q.23 What is Cowper‘s gland? Where sperms of male are deposited.
Q.24 Define Epididimys.
Q.25 Define Fallopian tube.
Q.26 What is Follicle?
Q.27 What is parthenocarpy?
Q.28 What is prostate glands?
Q.29 What is seminal vesicle?
Q.30 Define seminiferous tubule.
Q.31 Define uterus horn.
Q.32 What is vas deferens?
Q.33 How multiple fission in Amoeba takes place?
Q.34 What is difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
Q1. Define reproduction,
Answer:
Reproduction is defined as the production of individuals of the same species i.e. the next generation of species.
Q2. What are types of reproduction?
Answer:
(i) Asexual reproduction
It means the simple cell division that produces an exact duplicate of an organism..
(ii) Sexual reproduction :
It involves the joining of male and female sex cells i.e gametes.
Q3. Define binary fission.
Answer:
Binary fission means division into two. It is the simplest and most common method of asexual reproduction. It occurs in prokaryotes, many unicellular eukaryotes e.g. protozoa and some invertebrates.
Q4. What is Fragmentation?
Answer:
The type of asexual reproduction in which the organisms break up into pieces. For example, planarian breaks into 8-9 pieces instead of two.
Q5. Define Budding.
Answer:
It is the type of asexual reproduction in which a bud develops as a small outgrowth on parents body. For example, in yeast, a small bud is formed on one side of body of cell. The nucleus of cell divides and one of the nucleus is passed on to bud and form new cell.
Q6. Differentiate between spore and endospore.
Answer:
Spore
In most of fungi like rhizopus, when they reaches at reproduction age, its body cells form thick walled sacs called sporangia. Inside each sporangia, a cell divides many times and forms many daughter cells called spore.
Endospore
Under unfavourable conditions, some species of bacteria reproduce by forming spores ė.g., Clostridium and Bacillus species. Thick walled spores are formed inside bacterial cell. This is called endospores.
Q7. Define Parthenogenesis.
Answer:
Type of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into new offspring. For example, some fishes, frogs and insects reproduce by means of parthenogenesis.
Q8. What is Vegetative propagation?
Answer:
When vegetative parts of plants i.e. the roots, stems or leaves give rise to ņew plants, the process is called vegetative propagation.
Q9. What is Cuttings?
Answer:
In this method, cuttings may be taken mainly from stems or roots of parent plant. When cuttings are placed in a suitable soil and under light conditions, they may form roots and shoots. These roots and shoots grow and develop into a new plant. Examples are roses, ivy and grapevines.
Q10. Define Grafting.
Answer:
In this method, a piece of stem is cut from the plant and is attached with another plant. After a while, the vascular system of attached stem and the host plant are connected. The stem piece and the plant begin to grow together. Examples are Roses, peach trees and various seedless fruits.
Q11. What is Alternation of Generation in plants.
Answer:
In the life cycle of flowering plants. the two generations alternate with each other. The phenomenon in which the sporophyte generation gives rise to gametophyte and gametophyte generation gives rise to sporoplyte is called alternation of generation.
Q12. Define Double fertilization.
Answer:
The type of fertilization in which one sperm fuses with egg and forms a zygote. The other sperm fuses with the diploid fusion nucleus and forms a triploid endosperm nucleus. This process is called double fertilization.
Q13. What is Pollination?
Answer:
The transfer of pollen grains from flower‘s anther to stigma.
Types
a) Self pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or the other flower of same plant.
b) Cross pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the flower on one plant to the flower on other plant of same species.
Q14. What is seed coat?
Answer:
It is the outer protective covering of a seed. It may be paper thin layer or thick and hard. Seed coat protects embryo from mechanical injury and from drying.
Q15. Define Hilum.
Answer:
Hilum is a scar on seed coat, where the seed is attached to ovary wall.
Q16. Give the Difference between epicotyl and hypocotyl.
Answer:
The embryonic stem above the point of attachment to cotyledon is called epicotyl and the embryonic stem below the point of attachment to cotyledon is called hypocotyl.
Q17. Differentiate between epigeal and hypogeal germination.
Answer:
In epigeal germination, the hypocotyl elongates and forms a hook, pulling the cotyledons above the ground, e.g. beans and cotton while in hypogeal germination, the epicotyl elongates and forms the hook, the cotyledons stay underground e.g. pea and maize.
Q18. Define Germination.
Answer:
It is a process by which a seed embryo develops into a seedling. . ..
Q19. What is Fertilization?
Answer:
After the formation of gametes, fertilization occurs. These are of two types:
(a) External fertilization .
In external fertilization, egg cells are fertilized outside the body. It requires both the male and the female animals to release their gametes into their surroundings at the same time. It occurs in most of the invertebrates, fishes and amphibians.
(b) Internal fertilization
In internal fertilization, egg cells are fertilized within the reproductive tract of female. It occurs in reptiles, birds and mammals.
Q20. Detine Semen.
Answer:
It is the materials containing sperms in a fluid. It consists of 10% sperms and 90% fluid.
Q.21 Define acrosome.
Answer:
Cap–like head of sperm cell which helps it in penetrating the egg cell is calle acrosome.
Q.22 What do you know about cervix?
Answer:
In female reproductive system, the part which separates uterus from vagina is called cervix.
Q.23 What is Cowper‘s gland? Where sperms of male are deposited.
Answer:
An accessory gland in rabbit‘s male reproductive system which provides lubrication to the ducts. Cervix is the portion of uterus where sperms of male are deposited.
Q.24 Define Epididimys.
Answer:
A storage area for sperms on the upper part of the testes is called epididimys.
Q.25 Define Fallopian tube.
Answer:
A part of the female reproductive system, receives egg cell discharged from the ovary
Q.26 What is Follicle?
Answer:
A structure in the ovary in which the mature egg develops.
Q.27 What is parthenocarpy?
Answer:
The process in which ovaries develop into fruit without the fertilization inside the ovules present in them, it results in seedless fruits e.g. bananas.
Q.28 What is prostate glands?
Answer:
An accessory gland in the male reproductive system, produces a secretion that neutralizes the acidity...
Q.29 What is seminal vesicle?
Answer:
The associated gland in male reproductive system produces secretions having nutrients for the sperms.
Q.30 Define seminiferous tubule.
Answer:
These are coiled tubes present in testes and sperms are formed in these tubules.
Q.31 Define uterus horn.
Answer:
The two separate parts of the uterus in the female rabbit are like horns so they are called uterus horns.
Q.32 What is vas deferens?
Answer:
The tubes that carry sperms from each testis to the urethra. .
Q.33 How multiple fission in Amoeba takes place?
Answer:
Some unicellular organisms (e.g. Amoeba) form hard walls called cysts around them under unfavourable conditions.
When favourable conditions return, the nucleus of parent divides into many daughter nuclei and the division of cytoplasm occurs.
Each cytoplasm along with nucleus form daughter cell, so a large number of daughter cells are formed from a single parent. This is how multiple fission takes place in Amoeba.
Q.34 What is difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
Answer:
The process of formation of sperms in testes is called spermatogenesis while the process of formation of eggs in ovaries is called oogenesis.
