Human rights are fundamental inalienable rights that you have just by virtue of the fact that you are a person. Although the government can pass laws to protect your human rights, human rights are rights believed to be granted by God or by some higher power and everyone has human rights even if legislation doesn't protect them or if oppressive governments do not respect them.
Fundamental Human Rights
Human rights are the most fundamental and important of rights. They are the rights that the government in the United States spelled out in the Bill of Rights and the Constitution, and they are the rights that the United Nations aims to protect for all people. These rights would exist even without government protection or intervention.
Some examples of human rights include:
The right to life
The right to liberty and freedom
The right to the pursuit of happiness
The right to live your life free of discrimination
The right to control what happens to your own body and to make medical decisions for yourself
The right to freely exercise your religion and practice your religious beliefs without fear of being prosecuted for your beliefs
The right to be free from prejudice on the basis of race, gender, national origin, color, age or sex
The right to grow old
The right to a fair trial and due process of the law
The right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment
The right to be free from torture
The right to be free from slavery
The right to freedom of speech
The right to freely associate with whomever you like and to join groups of which you'd like to be a part.
The right to freedom of thought
The right not to be prosecuted from your thoughts
Most people accept these rights as fundamental and inalienable and in free countries like the United States, there is little disagreement about these basic human rights.
Controversial Human Rights
There are other rights that some believe are basic human rights but that others believe are more controversial.
For example, some of the controversial rights that some believe are human rights include:
The right to reproductive freedom including the right to choose abortion
The right to be free from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, including the right to marry a person of the same sex
The right to bear arms and to not have the government infringe unduly on that right
The right to regular and affordable health insurance subsidized or supported by the government or provided by a single payer system