The British partitioned Bengal in 1905 due to their administrative difficulties.
The Partition of Bengal was the process of separating eastern parts of Bengal from rest of Bengal. The British Indian government stated the reason of Bengal partition as a measure to improve the administration efficiency. The western region of Bengal comparatively got more focus than that of the eastern region. British projected the partition process would help the administration process by
1) Reducing the burden of government of Bengal and form a separate government for the efficient administration of East Bengal and Assam.
2) Promoting the development of Assam by including it under the direct jurisdiction of government which was earlier administered by a Chief Commissioner.
3) Integrating the scattered sections of Orissa under a single administrative umbrella.
The majority of population in the western part of Bengal was Hindu and the eastern part was mainly dominated by Muslim. The Muslims were mostly in favour of the partition whereas the Hindu community opposed the partition of Bengal.
Bengal Partition
In 1905 AD, the Viceroy of India Lord Curzoncarried out the partition although there was a strong opposition from majority of Indians. The government announced its final decision on19thJuly 1905 and partition was completed with effect from 16thOctober 1905. The partition made original Bengal province to two separate provinces, 1) Bengal 2) Eastern Bengal and Assam. East Bengal was added with Assam and formed the Eastern Bengal and Assam province. Dhaka became the capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam. Chittagong, Dhaka Divisions, Rajshahi Division (excluding Darjeeling) and Malda District were separated from Bengal and transferred to the new province. State of Hill Tripura came under Eastern Bengal and Assam province.