Electricity and magnetism are closely related.When an electric current flows through a wire,a magnetic field is produced around it.This magnetic field becomes stronger if we wind the wire around an iron nail and pass the current through it.Thus, the iron nail acts like a magnet.Its two ends become north and south poles.A magnet created by winding a wire around a nail and passing on electric current through it is called an electromagnet.
Electricity is a form of energy that is transmitted through the wires (especially copper wires) for operating the various machines and devices such as lights, fans, refrigerator, computers, television, air conditioner, washing machines, etc.
Electricity is the property of charged particles such as electrons and protons. When these particles are at rest, it is called static electricity. Static electricity occurs due to the existence of charged particles.
On the other hand, when charged particles flow through the conductor, it is called current electricity. Because, when the charged particles flow through the conductor, electricity also flows. We know that current means the flow of anything in a particular direction. For example, the flow of water in a particular direction is called water current. In the similar way, the flow of electricity or charged particles (especially free electrons) in a particular direction is called current electricity or electric current.
Magnetism is a type of attractive or repulsive force that acts up to certain distance. The distance up to which this attractive or repulsive force acts is called magnetic field. Magnetism is caused by the moving electric charges (especially electrons). When two magnetic materials are placed close to each other, they experience an attractive or repulsive force.
We know that all the objects in the universe are made of small particles called atoms. The atoms consist of sub atomic particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons. The strong nuclear force between the protons and neutrons makes them stick together to form nucleus. The electrons present in the atom revolve around the nucleus because of the electrostatic force of attraction between the electrons and nucleus.
The electrons revolving around the nucleus also rotates or spins around its own axis. Because of this spinning of electrons, magnetic field is produced.
If the majority number of electrons in the atom spins in the same direction, a strong magnetic field is produced. The direction of the electrons spin determines the direction of magnetic field.
On the other hand, if the equal number of electrons in the atom spins in the opposite direction, the spinning speed of the electrons cancels out. Thus, the magnetism also cancels out.