Ans. Formation of Kidney Stones
When urine becomes concentrated, crystals of many salts, e.g. calcium oxalate, calcium and ammonium phosphate, uric acid etc. are formed in it. Such large crystals cannot pass in. urine and form hard deposits called kidney stones. Most stones start in kidney. Some may travel to ureter or urinary bladder.
Causes
The major causes of kidney. stones are age, diet (containing more green vegetables, salts, vitamins C and D), recurring urinary tract infections, less intake of water, and alcohol consumption.
Symptoms
The symptoms of kidney stones include severe pain in kidney or in lowers abdomen, vomiting, frequent urination and foul-smelling urine with blood and pus.
Treatment
i)About 90% of all kidney stones can pass through the urinary system by drinking plenty of water.
ii)In surgical treatment, the affected area is opened and stone (s) Is/are removed.
iii)Lithotripsy is another method for the removal of kidney stones. In this method non-electrical shock waves from outside are bombarded on the stones in the urinary system. Waves hit the dense stones and break them. Stone become sand-like and are passed through urine.