Ans. Abu Nasr al-Farabl (872-951) was a prominent scientist who wrote many books that contained information about kidney diseases.
The genius Abu al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi (known as Albucasis 936-1013), is considered to be Islam's greatest surgeon who invented many surgical procedures including the surgical removal of stones from the urinary bladder. His encyclopedia,- AI-Tasrif ("The Method"), contained over 200, surgical medical instruments he personally designed.