A prostate biopsy uses transrectal ultrasound (through the rectum’s lining) imaging to guide several small needles through the rectum wall into areas of the prostate where abnormalities are detected. The needles remove a tiny amount of tissue. Usually, six or more biopsies are taken to test various areas of the prostate. The tissue samples are then analyzed in a laboratory. The results will help doctors diagnose disorders and diseases in the prostate. If cancer is identified, the doctor will be able to grade the cancer and determine its aggressiveness or likelihood of spreading.
Some doctors perform the biopsy through the perineum (skin between the scrotum and rectum). Researchers are investigating alternative biopsy procedures in efforts to maximize the accuracy of these results.