Osteoporosis is largely preventable. Getting enough calcium and vitamin D as a child and teenager can greatly lower your odds for osteoporosis later in life. Even if you're an adult, a healthy diet, enough calcium and vitamin D, exercise, limited alcohol, and not smoking may prevent the condition. After menopause, women who have osteopenia, or thinning of the bones, and who have a high likelihood for a future fracture from osteoporosis can consider drug therapies to prevent bone loss and lower their chances of osteoporosis.