Ans.Genotype and its Types Genotype
The specific combination of genes in an individual is known as genotype.
Types
It is of two types, i.e.
i) homozygous and
ii) heterozygous.
Example
In order to understand the concept of genotype, let us consider an example trait i.e. albinism (a condition in which normal body pigments are absent). Like other traits, it is also controlled by one pair of genes. We can represent the two alleles of the pair as 'A' and 'a'. Three combinations i.e. genotypes are possible for these two alleles i.e. AA, Aa, and aa. These genotypes can be grouped into two types.
The genotype in which the gene pair contains two identical alleles (AA or aa) is called homozygous genotype.
The genotype in which the gene pair contains two different alleles (Aa), is called heterozygous genotype.