Ans.Artificial Selection
The term "Artificial Selection" was expressed by the Persian scientist Abu Rayhan Biruni in the 11th century. Charles Darwin also used this term in his work on natural selection. He noted that many domesticated animals and plants had special properties that were developed by:
• Intentional breeding among individuals with desirable characteristics; and
• Discouraging the breeding of individuals with less desirable characteristics
Artificial selection (or selective breeding) means intentional breeding between individuals for certain traits, or combination of traits. Selective breeding has revolutionized agricultural and livestock production throughout the world.
Animals or plants having desirable characteristics are selected for breeding. In this way, many new generations with desirable characteristics are produced.
Breeds
In artificial selection, the bred animals are known as breeds.