Practice 100 Physics Fundamentals MCQs with answers covering motion, force, energy, work, laws of physics, heat, light, and electricity. Ideal for students and competitive exam preparation.
Physics Fundamentals form the backbone of understanding how the natural world works, from motion and forces to energy, heat, light, and electricity. Mastering core physics concepts such as Newton’s laws, work and energy, waves, thermodynamics, and basic electricity is essential for students and competitive exam aspirants. This article features 100 carefully structured Physics Fundamentals MCQs with answers, designed to strengthen conceptual clarity, support quick revision, and enhance exam performance. These physics fundamentals multiple choice questions are ideal for school exams, entrance tests, and general science preparation.
Below are 100 MCQs on Physics Fundamentals, written in clear English, suitable for school students, beginners, and competitive exam preparation.
⚛️ Physics Fundamentals – 100 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers
1. Physics is the study of:
A. Living organisms
B. Matter and energy
C. Chemicals
D. Earth
Answer: B
2. The SI unit of length is:
A. Centimeter
B. Kilometer
C. Meter
D. Millimeter
Answer: C
3. The SI unit of mass is:
A. Gram
B. Kilogram
C. Pound
D. Tonne
Answer: B
4. The SI unit of time is:
A. Minute
B. Hour
C. Second
D. Day
Answer: C
5. Which instrument is used to measure temperature?
A. Barometer
B. Thermometer
C. Hygrometer
D. Anemometer
Answer: B
6. Speed is defined as:
A. Distance × Time
B. Distance ÷ Time
C. Time ÷ Distance
D. Force ÷ Mass
Answer: B
7. The SI unit of speed is:
A. km/h
B. m/s
C. cm/s
D. m/min
Answer: B
8. Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
A. Velocity
B. Acceleration
C. Force
D. Speed
Answer: D
9. Which of the following is a vector quantity?
A. Mass
B. Speed
C. Distance
D. Velocity
Answer: D
10. Acceleration is defined as:
A. Change in speed
B. Change in distance
C. Change in velocity per unit time
D. Distance per unit time
Answer: C
11. The SI unit of acceleration is:
A. m/s
B. m/s²
C. km/h²
D. cm/s
Answer: B
12. Force is the product of:
A. Mass and speed
B. Mass and acceleration
C. Distance and time
D. Energy and power
Answer: B
13. The SI unit of force is:
A. Dyne
B. Pascal
C. Newton
D. Joule
Answer: C
14. Newton’s First Law is also known as the law of:
A. Acceleration
B. Action-reaction
C. Inertia
D. Gravitation
Answer: C
15. Inertia depends on:
A. Speed
B. Shape
C. Mass
D. Velocity
Answer: C
16. Which law states “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction”?
A. First law
B. Second law
C. Third law
D. Law of gravitation
Answer: C
17. The SI unit of work is:
A. Watt
B. Newton
C. Joule
D. Pascal
Answer: C
18. Work is done when:
A. Force is applied but no movement
B. Movement occurs without force
C. Force causes displacement
D. Object is at rest
Answer: C
19. Power is defined as:
A. Work × Time
B. Work ÷ Time
C. Force × Distance
D. Energy × Time
Answer: B
20. The SI unit of power is:
A. Joule
B. Newton
C. Watt
D. Ampere
Answer: C
21. Energy is the ability to:
A. Do work
B. Apply force
C. Create mass
D. Measure power
Answer: A
22. The SI unit of energy is:
A. Watt
B. Joule
C. Newton
D. Volt
Answer: B
23. Kinetic energy depends on:
A. Mass only
B. Velocity only
C. Mass and velocity
D. Height and mass
Answer: C
24. Potential energy depends on:
A. Speed
B. Force
C. Height
D. Acceleration
Answer: C
25. Which energy is stored in a stretched spring?
A. Kinetic energy
B. Heat energy
C. Elastic potential energy
D. Electrical energy
Answer: C
26. Heat is a form of:
A. Matter
B. Energy
C. Force
D. Power
Answer: B
27. The SI unit of heat is:
A. Calorie
B. Joule
C. Watt
D. Kelvin
Answer: B
28. Temperature is measured in:
A. Joule
B. Watt
C. Kelvin
D. Pascal
Answer: C
29. Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?
A. Thermometer
B. Barometer
C. Hygrometer
D. Anemometer
Answer: B
30. Pressure is defined as:
A. Force × Area
B. Force ÷ Area
C. Area ÷ Force
D. Mass ÷ Volume
Answer: B
31. The SI unit of pressure is:
A. Pascal
B. Newton
C. Joule
D. Watt
Answer: A
32. Which state of matter has a definite shape?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
Answer: A
33. Which state of matter has no definite shape or volume?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Ice
Answer: C
34. The process of changing solid into liquid is called:
A. Freezing
B. Melting
C. Evaporation
D. Condensation
Answer: B
35. The process of changing liquid into gas is called:
A. Freezing
B. Condensation
C. Evaporation
D. Melting
Answer: C
36. Sound travels fastest in:
A. Air
B. Water
C. Vacuum
D. Solid
Answer: D
37. Sound cannot travel through:
A. Air
B. Water
C. Solid
D. Vacuum
Answer: D
38. The unit of frequency is:
A. Decibel
B. Hertz
C. Watt
D. Pascal
Answer: B
39. The speed of light in vacuum is approximately:
A. 3 × 10⁶ m/s
B. 3 × 10⁸ m/s
C. 3 × 10⁴ m/s
D. 3 × 10¹⁰ m/s
Answer: B
40. Light travels in:
A. Curved lines
B. Zigzag lines
C. Straight lines
D. Circular paths
Answer: C
41. Reflection of light occurs from:
A. Transparent surfaces
B. Rough surfaces only
C. Smooth surfaces
D. Air
Answer: C
42. Which mirror is used in vehicles as rear-view mirror?
A. Concave mirror
B. Convex mirror
C. Plane mirror
D. Spherical mirror
Answer: B
43. The unit of electric current is:
A. Volt
B. Ampere
C. Ohm
D. Watt
Answer: B
44. The SI unit of electric charge is:
A. Coulomb
B. Ampere
C. Volt
D. Ohm
Answer: A
45. Which device converts electrical energy into light?
A. Fan
B. Heater
C. Bulb
D. Motor
Answer: C
46. The SI unit of voltage is:
A. Ampere
B. Ohm
C. Watt
D. Volt
Answer: D
47. Resistance is measured in:
A. Ampere
B. Volt
C. Ohm
D. Watt
Answer: C
48. Which material is a good conductor of electricity?
A. Rubber
B. Plastic
C. Copper
D. Wood
Answer: C
49. Which material is an insulator?
A. Iron
B. Copper
C. Plastic
D. Aluminum
Answer: C
50. The device used to measure electric current is:
A. Voltmeter
B. Ammeter
C. Galvanometer
D. Ohmmeter
Answer: B
51. The device used to measure voltage is:
A. Ammeter
B. Voltmeter
C. Galvanometer
D. Thermometer
Answer: B
52. Magnetic field is produced by:
A. Stationary charge
B. Moving charge
C. Neutron
D. Atom
Answer: B
53. The north pole of a magnet repels:
A. South pole
B. Iron
C. North pole
D. Steel
Answer: C
54. Which material is attracted by a magnet?
A. Copper
B. Plastic
C. Iron
D. Wood
Answer: C
55. Earth behaves like a:
A. Bar magnet
B. Ring magnet
C. Electric magnet
D. Circular magnet
Answer: A
56. The center of a magnet is called:
A. Pole
B. Axis
C. Neutral point
D. Center
Answer: C
57. Which energy is produced by vibrating objects?
A. Light energy
B. Heat energy
C. Sound energy
D. Electrical energy
Answer: C
58. Loudness of sound depends on:
A. Frequency
B. Speed
C. Amplitude
D. Pitch
Answer: C
59. Pitch of sound depends on:
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Speed
D. Loudness
Answer: B
60. Echo is caused by:
A. Refraction
B. Reflection
C. Diffraction
D. Absorption
Answer: B
61. Which simple machine is a seesaw?
A. Pulley
B. Lever
C. Wheel and axle
D. Inclined plane
Answer: B
62. Which simple machine is used to lift heavy loads?
A. Pulley
B. Screw
C. Lever
D. All of these
Answer: D
63. Mechanical advantage is:
A. Load ÷ Effort
B. Effort ÷ Load
C. Distance ÷ Time
D. Force × Area
Answer: A
64. Which type of lever is a crowbar?
A. First class
B. Second class
C. Third class
D. None
Answer: A
65. Which type of lever is a wheelbarrow?
A. First class
B. Second class
C. Third class
D. None
Answer: B
66. Which type of lever is the human forearm?
A. First class
B. Second class
C. Third class
D. Fourth class
Answer: C
67. The unit of frequency of sound is:
A. Decibel
B. Hertz
C. Watt
D. Pascal
Answer: B
68. Which wave does not need a medium to travel?
A. Sound wave
B. Water wave
C. Light wave
D. Seismic wave
Answer: C
69. Which phenomenon explains bending of light?
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Diffraction
D. Dispersion
Answer: B
70. Rainbow is formed due to:
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Dispersion
D. All of these
Answer: D
71. The splitting of white light is called:
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Dispersion
D. Diffusion
Answer: C
72. Which color has the longest wavelength?
A. Violet
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Red
Answer: D
73. Which color has the shortest wavelength?
A. Red
B. Green
C. Blue
D. Violet
Answer: D
74. Which energy is used in solar panels?
A. Heat energy
B. Electrical energy
C. Light energy
D. Sound energy
Answer: C
75. Which source of energy is renewable?
A. Coal
B. Petroleum
C. Wind
D. Natural gas
Answer: C
76. Which fuel is non-renewable?
A. Wind
B. Solar
C. Coal
D. Water
Answer: C
77. Which device converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?
A. Motor
B. Generator
C. Heater
D. Bulb
Answer: B
78. Which device converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?
A. Generator
B. Motor
C. Battery
D. Cell
Answer: B
79. Which law relates voltage, current, and resistance?
A. Newton’s law
B. Ohm’s law
C. Faraday’s law
D. Coulomb’s law
Answer: B
80. Ohm’s law is:
A. V = IR
B. V = I/R
C. I = VR
D. R = VI
Answer: A
81. Which physical quantity is measured in joules?
A. Power
B. Energy
C. Force
D. Pressure
Answer: B
82. Which quantity is measured in watts?
A. Work
B. Energy
C. Power
D. Force
Answer: C
83. Which force pulls objects toward Earth?
A. Magnetic force
B. Electric force
C. Gravitational force
D. Nuclear force
Answer: C
84. Acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately:
A. 9.8 m/s²
B. 8.9 m/s²
C. 10.8 m/s²
D. 7.8 m/s²
Answer: A
85. Weight depends on:
A. Mass
B. Gravity
C. Location
D. All of these
Answer: D
86. Mass is measured using:
A. Spring balance
B. Weighing scale
C. Beam balance
D. Thermometer
Answer: C
87. Weight is measured using:
A. Beam balance
B. Spring balance
C. Ruler
D. Stopwatch
Answer: B
88. Which physical quantity remains constant everywhere?
A. Weight
B. Mass
C. Force
D. Pressure
Answer: B
89. Which branch of physics deals with motion?
A. Optics
B. Thermodynamics
C. Mechanics
D. Electricity
Answer: C
90. Which branch of physics deals with heat?
A. Optics
B. Acoustics
C. Thermodynamics
D. Mechanics
Answer: C
91. Which branch of physics deals with sound?
A. Optics
B. Acoustics
C. Mechanics
D. Electricity
Answer: B
92. Which branch of physics deals with light?
A. Acoustics
B. Mechanics
C. Optics
D. Thermodynamics
Answer: C
93. Which branch of physics deals with electricity?
A. Mechanics
B. Electromagnetism
C. Optics
D. Acoustics
Answer: B
94. Which scientist proposed laws of motion?
A. Einstein
B. Galileo
C. Newton
D. Faraday
Answer: C
95. Which scientist discovered gravity?
A. Einstein
B. Newton
C. Galileo
D. Edison
Answer: B
96. Which instrument measures wind speed?
A. Barometer
B. Anemometer
C. Hygrometer
D. Thermometer
Answer: B
97. Which instrument measures humidity?
A. Hygrometer
B. Barometer
C. Thermometer
D. Ammeter
Answer: A
98. Which energy transformation occurs in an electric fan?
A. Electrical to light
B. Electrical to heat
C. Electrical to mechanical
D. Mechanical to electrical
Answer: C
99. Which force acts at a distance?
A. Friction
B. Muscular force
C. Gravitational force
D. Contact force
Answer: C
100. Physics plays an important role in:
A. Technology
B. Medicine
C. Engineering
D. All of these
Answer: D
